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Piper auritum Health effects and herbal facts

Hoja santa is an aromatic herb with a heart-shaped, velvety leaf which grows in tropic Mesoamerica. The name hoja santa means "sacred leaf" in Spanish. It is also known as yerba santa, hierba santa, Mexican pepperleaf, acuyo, tlanepa,anisillo, root beer plant, and sacred pepper.

Medical use

Gallery

Geografical distribution

• NORTHERN AMERICA
  Native
  • Mexico
• SOUTHERN AMERICA
  Native
  • Mesoamerica: Belize; Costa Rica; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama
  • Western South America: Colombia
  Naturalized
  • Caribbean: Cuba; Jamaica
  Cultivated
  • Caribbean: Cuba

Biological activities

ACE-Inhibitor	Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf
AChE-Inhibitor	Limonene found in Leaf
Abortifacient	Beta-bisabolene found in Leaf
Acaricide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Acidulant	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor	Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Caryophyllene found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf
Allelochemic	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Terpinolene found in Leaf
Allelopathic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Camphene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf
Allergenic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Beta-pinene found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Lignans found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Amphetaminagenic	Myristicin found in Leaf
Analgesic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Androgenic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Anesthetic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Angiogenic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm)
Anorexic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Anthelmintic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
AntiAGE	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
AntiCFS	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
AntiCTS	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
AntiLyme	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
AntiPMS	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
AntiTNF	Eugenol found in Leaf
Antiacetylcholine	Borneol found in Leaf
Antiacetylcholinesterase	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Antiacne	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf
Antiacrodynic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antiadenomic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Antiaggregant	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Eugenol found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Antiaging	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antiakathisic	Iron found in Leaf (315 ppm)
Antialcoholic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antiallergic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Linalool found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antialzheimeran	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antiamblyopic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antianaphylactic	Linalool found in Leaf
Antiandrogenic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antianemic	Iron found in Leaf (315 ppm)
Antianginal	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antianorectic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antianxiety	Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antiarabiflavinotic	Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Antiarachidonate	Eugenol found in Leaf
Antiarrhythmic	Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antiarthritic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antiasthmatic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Caryophyllene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Antiatherosclerotic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antibackache	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antibacterial	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Sabinene found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Antiberiberi	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antibronchitic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf
Anticancer	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Limonene found in Leaf
Anticanker	Iron found in Leaf (315 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Anticarcinomic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Anticardiospasmic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Anticariogenic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Anticarpal-Tunnel	Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Anticataract	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Anticatarrh	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Anticephalagic	Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Anticervicaldysplasic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Anticheilitic	Iron found in Leaf (315 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Antichilblain	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Anticholinesterase	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Anticlimacteric	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Anticold	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Anticolic	Linalool found in Leaf
Anticolitic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Anticonvulsant	Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Anticoronary	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antidecubitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antideliriant	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antidementia	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antidepressant	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Myristicin found in Leaf
Antidermatitic	Caryophyllene found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antidiabetic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antidiarrheic	Camphor found in Leaf
Antidysenteric	Camphor found in Leaf
Antidyspeptic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antidysphagic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antieczemic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiedemic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Antiemetic	Camphor found in Leaf
Antiencephalitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiencephalopathic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antiendometriotic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiepileptic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antiescherichic	Borneol found in Leaf
Antiesophagitic	Limonene found in Leaf
Antiestrogenic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Lignans found in Leaf
Antifatigue	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antifeedant	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Terpinolene found in Leaf
Antifertility	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antifibrositic	Camphor found in Leaf
Antifibrotic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiflu	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Antigallstone	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antigastritic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antigenotoxic	Eugenol found in Leaf
Antigingivitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiglaucomic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiglossitic	Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Antiglutamaergic	Linalool found in Leaf
Antigonadotrophic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antihalitosic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Antihangover	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antiheartburn	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antihelicobacter	Sabinene found in Leaf
Antihemorrhagic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antihepatitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antihepatotoxic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiherpetic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Eugenol found in Leaf Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antihistaminic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Linalool found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antihyperactivity	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antihyperkeratotic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antihyperkinetic	Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antihyperlipoproteinaemic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antihypertensive	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm)
Antiichythyotic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antiinfertility	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiinflammatory	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-pinene found in Leaf Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf
Antiinsomniac	Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antiinsomnic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antikeratitic	Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Antikeratotic	Eugenol found in Leaf
Antilaryngitic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Antileishmanic	Caryophyllene found in Leaf
Antilepric	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antileukemic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Antileukoplakic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antilipoperoxidant	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antilithic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Limonene found in Leaf
Antilupus	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antilymphomic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Antimaculitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antimalarial	Humulene found in Leaf
Antimange	Linalool found in Leaf
Antimastitic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antimeasles	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antimenopausal	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antimenorrhagic	Iron found in Leaf (315 ppm)
Antimigraine	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antimite	Linalool found in Leaf
Antimitotic	Eugenol found in Leaf
Antimutagenic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Lignans found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf
Antimycotic	Lignans found in Leaf
Antimyocarditic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antineuralgic	Camphor found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antineuramidase	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antineurasthenic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antineuritic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antineuropathic	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antinitrosaminic	Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Terpinolene found in Leaf
Antinitrosating	Eugenol found in Leaf
Antinitrosic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antinociceptive	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf
Antiobesity	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Limonene found in Leaf
Antionychyotic	Caryophyllene found in Leaf
Antiophidic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antiorchitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiosteoarthritic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiosteoporotic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Phosphorus found in Leaf (2920 ppm)
Antiotitic	Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf
Antioxidant	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Camphene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Lignans found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm) Terpinolene found in Leaf
Antiozenic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antipapillomic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antiparkinsonian	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antiparotitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antipellagric	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Antiperiodontitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antipharyngitic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Antiphotophobic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm)
Antipityriasic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antiplaque	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Antiplasmodial	Humulene found in Leaf
Antipneumonic	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antipodriac	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antipoliomyelitic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Antiporphyric	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antiprogestational	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antiproliferant	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Caryophyllene found in Leaf
Antiprostaglandin	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf
Antiprostatadenomic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antiprostatitic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Antipruritic	Camphor found in Leaf
Antipsoriac	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antipyretic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf
Antiradicular	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Eugenol found in Leaf
Antiretinotic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antirheumatic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antirhinitic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antirhinoviral	Beta-bisabolene found in Leaf
Antisalmonella	Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf
Antiscorbutic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antiscotomic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antiseptic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Sabinene found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Antishingles	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antishock	Linalool found in Leaf
Antisinusitic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Antispasmodic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antistaphylococcic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf
Antistreptococcic	Caryophyllene found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf
Antistress	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Myristicin found in Leaf
Antisyndrome-X	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Antithromboxane	Eugenol found in Leaf
Antitic	Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Antitumor	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Caryophyllene found in Leaf Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Lignans found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Antitussive	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Antiulcer	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-bisabolene found in Leaf Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Sabinene found in Leaf
Antivertigo	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Antiviral	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-bisabolene found in Leaf Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Lignans found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Antixerophthalmic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Antiyeast	Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf
Anxiolytic	Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Phosphorus found in Leaf (2920 ppm)
Apifuge	Eugenol found in Leaf
Apoptotic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Artemicide	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Asthma-preventive	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Barbituate-Synergist	Linalool found in Leaf
Beta-Blocker	Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm)
Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Bronchoprotectant	Limonene found in Leaf
Bronchorelaxant	Linalool found in Leaf
CNS-Depressant	Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
CNS-Stimulant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
CNS-Toxic	Borneol found in Leaf
COX-1-Inhibitor	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Eugenol found in Leaf
COX-2-Inhibitor	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Eugenol found in Leaf
Calcium-Antagonist	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Calcium-Channel-Blocker	Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Cancer-Preventive	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Lignans found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Riboflavin found in Leaf (13.5 ppm) Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Candidicide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf
Candidistat	Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Carcinogenic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Cardioprotective	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Cardiovascular	Lignans found in Leaf
Carminative	Camphor found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Caspase-8-Inducer	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Cathartic	Lignans found in Leaf
Chemopreventive	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Limonene found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf
Choleretic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf
Cholesterolytic	Limonene found in Leaf
Circulotonic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Cold-preventive	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Coleoptophile	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf
Collagenic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Colorant	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Controlled	Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Convulsant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf
Cosmetic	Camphor found in Leaf
Counterirritant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf
Culicide	Linalool found in Leaf
Cytochrome-P450-Inducer	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Cytochrome-P450-Inhibitor	Eugenol found in Leaf
Cytochrome-P488-Inducer	Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Cytotoxic	Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
DNA-Binder	Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Decongestant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf
Degranulant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Deliriant	Camphor found in Leaf
Dentifrice	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Deodorant	Terpinolene found in Leaf
Dermal	Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf
Dermatitigenic	Eugenol found in Leaf
Detoxicant	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Limonene found in Leaf
Diuretic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Myristicin found in Leaf
Ecbolic	Camphor found in Leaf
Edemagenic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Emetic	Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf
Enterocontractant	Limonene found in Leaf
Enterorelaxant	Eugenol found in Leaf
Epileptigenic	Camphor found in Leaf
Estrogenic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Expectorant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-phellandrene found in Leaf Camphene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
FLavor	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphene found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Terpinolene found in Leaf
Febrifuge	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Fibrinolytic	Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Fistula-Preventive	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Fungicide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-phellandrene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Terpinolene found in Leaf
Fungiphilic	Limonene found in Leaf
Fungistat	Limonene found in Leaf
GABA-nergic	Linalool found in Leaf
GST-Inducer	Limonene found in Leaf
Gastroprotective	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Caryophyllene found in Leaf
Gonadotrophic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Hallucinogenic	Myristicin found in Leaf
Hepatocarcinogenic	Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Hepatoprotective	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Hepatoregenerative	Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Hepatotonic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Hepatotoxic	Myristicin found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm) Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Herbicide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Histaminic	Limonene found in Leaf
Hypnotic	Linalool found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf
Hypocholesterolemic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Hypoglycemic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Hypolipidemic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Hypotensive	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Myristicin found in Leaf
Hypothermic	Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Hypouricemic	Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm)
Immunomodulator	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Limonene found in Leaf
Immunostimulant	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Phosphorus found in Leaf (2920 ppm)
Inflammatory	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Inhalant	Borneol found in Leaf
Insect-Repellent	Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf
Insecticide-Synergist	Myristicin found in Leaf
Insecticide	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf
Insectifuge	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Insectiphile	Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf
Interferon-Synergist	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Interferonogenic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Interleukin-6-Inhibitor	Limonene found in Leaf
Irritant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Juvabional	Eugenol found in Leaf
Larvicide	Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf
Laxative	Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm)
Lipolytic	Limonene found in Leaf
Lithogenic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
MAO-Inhibitor	Myristicin found in Leaf
Mosquitocide	Caryophyllene found in Leaf
Mosquitofuge	Linalool found in Leaf
Motor-Depressant	Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Mucogenic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Mucolytic	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Mutagenic	Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Myorelaxant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf
NO-Genic	Limonene found in Leaf
Nematicide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Neuroprotective	Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Neurotoxic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Occuloirritant	Camphor found in Leaf
Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor	Limonene found in Leaf
Osteogenic	Phosphorus found in Leaf (2920 ppm)
Oxytocic	Myristicin found in Leaf
Ozone-Scavenger	Limonene found in Leaf
P450-2B1-Inhibitor	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf
P450-Inducer	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Paralytic	Myristicin found in Leaf
Pediculicide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Perfume	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Perfumery	Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Beta-bisabolene found in Leaf Beta-phellandrene found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Sabinene found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm) Terpinolene found in Leaf
Peristaltic	Limonene found in Leaf
Pesticide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-phellandrene found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Benzoic-acid found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Camphene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Caryophyllene-oxide found in Leaf Delta-cadinene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Gamma-terpinene found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myrcene found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm) Terpinolene found in Leaf Thiamin found in Leaf (6.7 ppm)
Phagocytotic	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Photosensitizer	Limonene found in Leaf
Phytoalexin	Benzoic-acid found in Leaf
Prooxidant	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Iron found in Leaf (315 ppm) Linalool found in Leaf
Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor	Eugenol found in Leaf
Psychoactive	Myristicin found in Leaf Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Respirainhibitor	Camphor found in Leaf
Respirastimulant	Camphor found in Leaf
Rubefacient	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf
Secretogogue	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Sedative	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Caryophyllene found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf Myristicin found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Serotoninergic	Myristicin found in Leaf Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Spasmogenic	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Alpha-terpinene found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Camphene found in Leaf
Spermicide	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Stimulant	Camphor found in Leaf
Stomachic	Beta-bisabolene found in Leaf
Surfactant	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Tachycardic	Myristicin found in Leaf
Termiticide	Eugenol found in Leaf
Termitifuge	Caryophyllene found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Testosterone-Hydroxylase-Inducer	1,8-cineole found in Leaf
Testosterone-Inducer	Delta-cadinene found in Leaf
Thymoprotective	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm)
Tranquilizer	Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Borneol found in Leaf Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm)
Transdermal	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Alpha-pinene found in Leaf Beta-pinene found in Leaf Camphor found in Leaf Limonene found in Leaf
Tremorigenic	Safrole found in Leaf (4930 ppm)
Trichomonicide	1,8-cineole found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf Linalool found in Leaf
Trichomonistat	Eugenol found in Leaf
Trypsin-Enhancer	Eugenol found in Leaf
Tumor-Promoter	Linalool found in Leaf
Tyrosinase-Inhibitor	Benzoic-acid found in Leaf
Ubiquiot	Beta-carotene found in Leaf (193 ppm) Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf
Ulcerogenic	Beta-sitosterol found in Leaf Eugenol found in Leaf
Uricosuric	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Benzoic-acid found in Leaf
Urinary-Acidulant	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm)
Uterotonic	Myristicin found in Leaf
Varroacide	Eugenol found in Leaf
Vasodilator	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Calcium found in Leaf (14440 ppm) Eugenol found in Leaf Fiber found in Leaf (124000 ppm) Niacin found in Leaf (100 ppm)
Vermifuge	Eugenol found in Leaf
Verrucolytic	Camphor found in Leaf
Vibriocide	Camphor found in Leaf
Vulnerary	Ascorbic-acid found in Leaf (3370 ppm) Benzoic-acid found in Leaf

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